Definition of Consecutive Interpretation.
Consecutive interpretation (CI) is an ancient
practice used in conferences, press conferences, classrooms, and business
meetings. Interpreters listen to a speech and then translate it to the target
language (TL) after the speaker has finished. They must be good note takers,
have knowledge of both languages, and maintain appropriate physical gestures
and voice tone.
Consecutive interpretation (CI)
involves delivering a speech in target language while
taking notes. It was the typical mode before simultaneous interpretation (SI)
and is still used in certain occasions like interviews and judicial procedures.
CI is commonly practiced in press conferences and after dinner speeches, with
interpreters relying on note-taking to aid in memory retention and ease of
delivery.
Consecutive
interpretation (CI) is widely used in business and educational institutions,
but it requires time and advanced cognition. It is considered essential for
interpreting posts and training, but requires advanced skills and
qualifications for interpreters to become professionals.
The Competences of Consecutive Interpreters
It seems to be
an easy task to consecutively interpret passages, indeed it needs a systematic
learning, taking various exams, practice, besides the competences that every
interpreter should acquire. Mickelson (1999) and Kamel (2011) agreed on set of
skills and competences the interpreter must possess
Subject Knowledge. All interpreting experts and workers
recognize the need to acquire technical terms and to know the content of the
subject to be interpreted
Linguistic Skills. Interpreters need to master the languages
which they need in their work in order to produce a good, accurate, and correct
interpretation
Analytical Skills. Specialists confirmed that analysis is the
first strategy used by the interpreter, analysis is considered as part of the
interpretation process rather than an additional tactic. They also assert that
analyzing speech before interpreting it increase the efficiency of the
interpretation process
Listening and Recall. Effective interpretation requires active
listening skills. It is necessary for interpreters to have active listening,
recalling process, besides having a strong
memory. Active listening
permits interpreters to
avoid making misinterpretation,
then recalling what have been heard will provide accurate and correct
interpretation.
Ethical Behavior. Interpreters’ behavior has a great impact on
their work, especially when speakers describe delicate situations that requires
interpreters to understand their role and provide complete interpretation
Speaking Skills. Speaking skill is considered as important, as
it is the concern of interpreters during their training. Interpreters need to
have clear voice, ability to select appropriate terms, vocabulary and
sentences, consequently, the audience understand the message as it is in the
source language
Cultural Knowledge. It is important for interpreters to be fully
aware and familiar with cultural differences, customs, and traditions.
Interpreters are considered as cultural mediators since they have to bridge the
gap between culture and concepts that hinder participants in their
meetings
Interpersonal Skills. Interpreters must possess strong
communication skills, politeness, respect, positive relationship, and good
judgement. Hrehovčík (n.d.) agreed with the previously mentioned competences,
since interpreters need to have active listening, good memory, note taking, and
mental ability to transpose and verbalize messages into the TL. Also acquiring
linguistic skills and develop the interpersonal skills
Similarly,
Gillies (2019) pointed out some qualities that are necessary in interpreting
consecutively
An approved level of native language, having
vocabulary and speaking accurately. Having knowledge about other languages and
understanding them as well as their cultures to meet conference interpreting
aims. General familiarity about other disciplines like: science, history,
technology. Public speaking without fear and pressure and being brilliant
enough . Introducing others’ opinions trustfully without discrimination even if
the interpreter does not agree with them . Physical ability and good health,
because consecutive works are tired and pressing.
To sum up, interpreters are highly requested to
have the needed qualities, and competences in order to avoid making mistakes
during interpreting events, even though errors in general will be little to
zero, since interpreters have the opportunity to take notes that help them to
remember, but if interpreters lack some qualities in certain settings, it does
not mean that they are not needed.
Consecutive Interpretation Usage.
Consecutive
interpretation is a common mode used in various events, suited for different
needs and occasions. It was established in multi-type international meetings
before WWII, and became dominant in the 1970s. However, simultaneous
interpretation (SI) emerged after WWII and is still used in certain situations,
such as ceremonial speeches. SI is preferred in events where a speaker delivers
an official speech without simultaneous equipment, such as feasts or
receptions. Experts,
businessmen, and MPs often travel abroad for work, visiting various locations
and using consecutive interpretation. This method is beneficial for interaction
and clarification between participants, but requires effort and practice.
Consecutive interpretation is also used in working meetings without equipment
and for accreditation tests in international institutions. Interpreters should
have a post-graduate MA in conference interpreting before considering
accreditation. Consecutive interpretation is cheaper and requires practice, but
it offers numerous benefits and advantages.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Consecutive Interpretation. Consecutive interpretation has some significant
advantages that can be taken into consideration; however, it is not free of
disadvantages
Advantages. Bernadine (2020) mentioned set of advantages
of CI
Since interpreters have enough time to prepare
an intonation and melody of each sentence, they can convey the message more
fluently and with more emotions
There is no need for the interpreter booth,
electronic a technical equipment
Interpreters will convey a better quality
interpretation, where they come up with the most suitable interpretation since
they have more time The
audience show more attention since they understand the message, hear the
speaker’s tone of voice, as well as body language of the interpreter
Disadvantages. The disadvantage of consecutive interpreting
discussed follows(Piazza and Sales, 2015
)
-Consecutive interpretation takes longer
time to interpret messages, since interpreters require from the speaker to take
pauses to step in and translate what is being said. In other words, consecutive
interpreting process takes additional time to complete the interpretation which
may be considered as an issue for busy participants and it longer the
event
Even though CI
takes two times longer in the interpretation process, and interpreters may face
some challenges when interpreting, however it is still applicable for various
settings and discussions
Challenges Interpreters Face
Among other
tasks engine features have to do is conveying the speakers’ messages to other
people based on the context. However, the process does not always require word
by word translation but rather understand the topic being discussed, problems
being solved and convey the meaning as intended by speakers, which can be
challenging in most cases. Bernadine (2017) Suggested four main challenges
interpreters face
Difficulty Hearing the Speaker. Various circumstances could occur during the
interpretation, the malfunctioning of the audio equipment, deficient sound
system, the ineptitude of the technician, or when the speaker walks around the
stage leaving the fixed wired microphone. Also misplaced or hindered microphone
by clothing can affect the clearness of sound.
Knowledge of Local Culture. Interpreters must be highly knowledgeable of
the culture of different countries, speakers often use local idioms, slang and
jargon, also words are used differently indifferent cultures. Interpreters will
not be able to check dictionaries and other references, they listen, analyze,
and construct the message in a tone of voice that reflects how it normally
sounds in the target language.
Lack of Prep Materials. Interpreters go over conference’s materials
day or two before schedule in order to prepare themselves. It is considered as
an obstacle if interpreters receive no to little briefing about what will be
tackled during the meeting, that causes unfamiliarity with topics, terminology
and speakers.
Challenges Interpreters Face With Humor,
Sarcasm and Jokes. This situation is considered as one of the most difficult
challenges, maintaining the integrity of a message without damaging it while
interpreting a joke, humor or sarcasm can affect even the highly experienced
interpreters, because culturally accepted jokes in one culture might not be
accepted in another.
In line with
Bernadine, Murtiningsih and Ardlillah (2020) discussed other common challenges
the face interpreters.
Linguistic competence. Interpreters should
master a high vocabulary level from different languages, and lack of linguistic
competence would hinder interpreters from delivering accurate interpretation,
in other words failing to convey messages is caused by unfamiliar vocabulary.
Accent also plays a challenge during the interpretation
process, since
interpreters are unfamiliar with accents that may come up from different
dialects, the interpretation may not be achieved.
Cultural Background. The cultural background influences
international communication. Unfamiliar culture or language for interpreters
would cause a problem in their job. Consequently, interpreters should have
different cultural backgrounds in order to avoid misinterpretation.
Time Constraint. Interpreters may not have the
luxury of time which cause conveying inaccurate interpretation of the message
received from the speaker.
Interlocutor’s Speaking Speed. When the speaker
speaks rapidly interpreters might not hear all words, which requires the
interpreters to ask for repetition, or they deliver wrong, inaccurate
interpretation.
Issues With Word Memorization. In terms of
interpreting, having issues with memorization would lead to performing unwell
job, as a consequence interpreters must use both long and short term memory to
better interpretation.
Although
interpreters, whether beginners or experts, face several obstacles caused by
linguistic barriers, and cultural unfamiliarity, however, they should work on
to follow some strategies to overcome the challenges
Purpose
This unit enables learners to understand and practice the tasks involved in consecutive interpreting, including identification of appropriate uses of, and provide the rationale for, consecutive interpreting. Learners also begin to employ targeted elicitation, context, and production strategies that are appropriate to consumer needs and preferences in given settings.
Objectives
Upon completion of this unit, learners will:
Have learners to gather information from different platforms so that new knowledge could be
constructed by product development
Describe the tasks involved in consecutive interpreting.
Identify situations in which consecutive interpreting may be the most effective method.
Practice consecutive interpreting in various scenarios, using targeted strategies to facilitate effective communication.
Explain to a variety of stakeholders in an articulate, professional manner the rationale for using consecutive interpreting.
Key Questions
What factors go into interpreters’ decision to interpret consecutively?
How can interpreters explain the rationale for using consecutive interpreting?
How do interpreters employ consecutive interpreting to their greatest advantage?
Connectivism is a learning theory that emphasizes the importance of networks and connections in learning. Here's how you can apply connectivism principles to the skills you mentioned:
1-Consecutive Interpretation, Simultaneous Interpretation, and Translation:
-Encourage learners to engage in professional networks or communities of practice for interpreters and translators. This would allow them to learn from others, share resources, and stay updated on industry trends
- Utilize technology and online resources to access real-life interpretation and translation scenarios, such as videos, audios, or live events, to provide authentic learning experiences and opportunities for making connections with real-world applications
CONNECTIVISM PRINCIPLE
The capacity to know more is more critical than what is currently known
This principle helps learners develop their communicative skills through apps to better comprehension and language production. So, it is essential students explore the Internet to improve their knowledge
Pre-Interpreting Stage-
- Research and Preparation: Before the interpreting session, conduct thorough research on the topic, speakers, and any specialized terminology that may be used. Familiarize yourself with the subject matter to ensure a smoother interpreting process
- Familiarization with Context: Understand the context of the conversation or event where the interpretation will take place. This includes understanding the cultural, political, and social nuances that may impact the communication
While-Interpreting Stage
- Active Listening: During the interpretation, engage in active listening to accurately capture the speaker's message. Focus on the speaker's tone, pace, and non-verbal cues to convey the intended meaning to the target audience
- Consecutive or Simultaneous Interpretation: Perform the interpretation using the chosen method (consecutive or simultaneous) while maintaining fluency, accuracy, and neutrality
Post-Interpreting Stage
- Revision and Feedback: Review the interpreted content to check for accuracy, grammar, and clarity. Seek feedback from peers or supervisors to improve your interpreting skills
- Continuous Learning: Reflect on the interpreting experience and identify areas for improvement. Engage in ongoing training and learning to enhance your language proficiency and interpreting techniques
MATERIALS YOU NEED:
You will need to gather the following resources in order to work with the practice scripts provided and to finish the practice activities in this packet. Among them are the following:
A device (digital voice recorder or similar device, smartphone, or computer with recording software and a microphone) that may record, save, and playback audio tracks for later use
A device (computer, phone, tablet, or MP3 player or similar digital recording device) that allows you to play audio tracks of the practice material you record
Speakers to listen to the recorded audio, ideally external Headphones (to hear the concurrent recording while doing the interpretation) A stopwatch or timer
Dictionaries in both languages and one language
Additional linguistic reference resources as required Pens or pencils; paper pad
Types of Translation and Interpretation:
·
· Simultaneous interpretation
· Consecutive interpretation
· Sight translation
· Literary translation
· Technical translation
Methods:
· Role-playing
· Group discussions
· Case studies
· Online translation tools
· Virtual interpretation practice
Teaching Aids:
· Videos
· Audio recordings
· Texts
· Translation software
· Interpretation equipment
Strategies:
· Providing constructive feedback
· Encouraging peer-to-peer learning
· Using authentic materials
· Incorporating cultural elements
· Providing opportunities for practice
Applying Connectivism Principles:
· Encouraging collaboration and networking
· Providing access to a variety of resources
· Encouraging self-directed learning
· Providing opportunities for reflection and self-assessment
Teacher and Student Roles:
· Teacher as facilitator and guide
· Student as active learner and participant
· Encouraging student-led discussions and activities
Evaluation and Feedback:
· Providing regular feedback
· Using rubrics and self-assessment tools
· Encouraging peer-to-peer feedback
· Providing opportunities for improvement and growth
2. Activity
Review with learners the Application of the 10-Step Disclassse Analysis Process provide examples:
1—Prediction
2—View and Recall Step 3—Content Mapping
3—Retell in Source Language
4—Target language.
5—Visualization Mapping
6—Retell in Target Language Step
7—Interpretation
3. Activity
Encourage students to discuss their interpretations in the following manner:
Characteristics that improve the interpretation's efficacy
Elements absent from the analysis
Instances of how language and culture mediate interpretation.
4. Activity
Have learners review, provide feedback and discuss the decisions they made during interpretation.
5. Activity
-Assign students to develop several interpretation scenarios for practice with successive interpretation (e.g., describing a cooking recipe, teaching self-advocacy, interviewing for a job, signing up for a college course, etc.).
-Employ the elicitation and explanation techniques required so that the interpreter can comprehend the original message.
Representing: Equivalency and visualising the source frame/target transition
Take into account contextual, linguistic, cultural, or experiential elements that affect source frame and target switch.
-Modify syntactic structure to suit delivery (expansion, compression, rearranging question forms, changing register, and temporal sequencing of events).
Reframe, add redundancy, use analogies, and provide examples to help the customer or interpreting team understand the target language form better by using contextual information.
-Give students the chance to act out the scenarios they designed.
Group discussion about the tactics and their efficacy should come next.
6. Activity
Formative evaluation:
Analysis of readings and videos, as applicable
Knowledge shared in group dialogue and responses to trainer questions
Active participation during in-class activities, including role-play and group exercises
Delivery of written and video assignments, as appropriate
Consecutive Interpreting Practice
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UuebgikyKRs
Emma Watson Speech Consecutive Interpreting Task
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PhHLTjhoSIo
Note-taking in consecutive interpreting
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4KuqvsjWsRE
Improving Memory in Consecutive Interpreting
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2H8TlNPCFOk
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ryNMsD96mww
INTERPRETING TEST PRACTICE
https://www.youtube.com/@MITInterpretationspractice
practice test
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5u6Z-t79JRw
Consecutive Interpreting practice sample test/ Healthcare Screening
https://www.youtube.com/@Interprepedia
https://speech-repository.webcloud.ec.europa.eu/search-speeches
https://takeielts.britishcouncil.org/take-ielts/prepare/free-ielts-english-practice-tests/listening
https://nilecenter.org/arabic-english-translation-test/
https://www.egyta.com/cgi-sys/suspendedpage.cgi
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GSEqgefySN8
Interpreting Training: Consecutive/Simultaneous Practice Exercise - Why Is Football So Popular
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CiVMAsPT-8I
nterpreting Training: Consecutive/Simultaneous Practice Exercise - Is Amazon Too Big To Fail?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9Q0xVFy1leY&list=PLInzqL_UX7WAuXyb5BnpxVG2bOib-8Peh
Steve Harvey - Consecutive Video
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ey-UGcKriPA&list=PLInzqL_UX7WAuXyb5BnpxVG2bOib-8Peh&index=2
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uqfyatAXd-0
Interpreting Training: Consecutive/Simultaneous Practice Exercise #9 – Tonsillitis (Medical
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mh5dRJVGbE8
Consecutive Interpretation Practice - Courtroom Setting
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KUaGHrp3HSU
Interpreting Training: Note-Taking Practice Exercise #6 (Full Speed) – Public Service
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R3JbyuX3vV4
Basic Consecutive Interpreting Practice (EN to EN): Gastrointestinal
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q3tQVoI2Ap0
Simultaneous Medical Interpreting Practice (English): I Think I Have Coronavirus! - Fast (151 wpm)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Blu934TZVfY&t=13s
Consecutive Interpretation Practice - Role Play #1 (Arabic)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=77omATPpMo0
Arabic Role Play #3 SeSo Inc
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QxWqPw9eNf0
Interpreting Practice Arabic/English
Interpreting Practice Exam | Interprepedia | #interpretation
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mcanVN4aKN8
تمارين الترجمة الشفوية التتابعية 1
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n2zE9ZI_kZ0&t=33s
First Consecutive Interpreting Exam (Sample) -- Supervised by Hammouda Salhi
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JZJaVtuWql0&t=39s
Exercise 1 by Students -- From a Workshop on "Interpreters as Story-Tellers
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OQgE0ETV81s
Trump-Harris presidential debate
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BW4W_O7g9Wc&t=50s
English Arabic Consecutive Interpretation: Obama's speech with Ameer of Kuwait
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XCbVvbH8qKI
Consecutive Interpretation with president Obama
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rfFv6vM0Sb4
Interpreting Training: Note-Taking Practice Exercise (Speech #1)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jCYGCSFmH1Y
Interpreting Training: Note-Taking Practice Exercise (Speech #2) – How Did Ancient Music Sound Like?
https://www.youtube.com/@translationandinterpreting
Translation & Interpreting practice
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k5S6eVrXp3A&t=31s
Interpreting Training: Note-Taking Practice Exercise (Speech #3) – The Origins of English
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DSkLcAGMwNkArabic
into English Interpreting by Hammouda Salhi -- Meeting on Barcelona
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lVR-YBfoGhwConsecutive
Interpretation Online Exam 0120 (Translate from Arabic)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r3iuKlDPgb8Consecutive
Interpretation Online Exam 0220 (Translate from English)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U4Ho_ZWjmAg&t=1525sInterpreter
in Action, Consecutive Interpreting- English-Arabic, Arab American Conference 2021, Day1
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-xfNcpQwgi8Interpreter
Training - Interpreting in a School Setting
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9C20XmtHkQM&t=63s
Interpreters Test Their Interpreting Skills (Speed Challenge) | WIRED
LINKS FOR TEST PRACTICE
https://altalang.com/translation-services/arabic-translation/
http://www.ncihc.org/assets/documents/publications/NCIHC%20National%20Code%20of%20Ethics.pdf
American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages
Language Testing International
Century College Translation and Interpreting
English Language Test
Language Line Solutions
Century College Translation and Interpreting Program
The Upper Midwest Translators and Interpreters Association (UMT
https://interpretertrainingresources.eu/consecutive/
https://interpretrain.com/pages/audio-exercises-for-the-note-taking-manual
Websites that offer activities for interpreting skills:
Sources:
[theinterpretingcoach.com](https://www.theinterpretingcoach.com/3-useful-websites-for-boosting-interpreting-skills/) (1) [interpretereducation.org](http://www.interpretereducation.org/aspiring-interpreter/mentorship/mentoring-toolkit/activities/) (2) [aslinterpreting.com](https://www.aslinterpreting.com/) (3) [noviceinterpreters.org](https://noviceinterpreters.org/interactive-interpreting-practice-library/) (4)
. Interactive Interpreting Practice Library - CATIE Center<https://noviceinterpreters.org/interactive-interpreting-practice-library/>
2. InterpreMed - Medical Interpreting Practice Materials<https://interpremed.com/>
The first website, Interactive Interpreting Practice Library - CATIE Center, offers a collection of videos created from the GTC project that were created as an opportunity to give GTC participants authentic practice with actual conversations. The videos are suitable for interpreting practice for novice interpreters and interpreting students
The second website, InterpreMed, is a learning community created for medical interpreting professionals and students interested in acquiring and honing their skills through hands-on activities, training materials and resources. They offer live practice sessions, audio interpreting practice, and medical vocabulary exercises
websites and resources that provide audio and video materials for interpreting different types:
Sources:
1- [boostlingo.com](https://boostlingo.com/)
2-[languageline.com](https://www.languageline.com/) [transperfect.com](https://www.transperfect.com/solutions/trans3-lation-and-language-services/interpretation) [atanet.org](https://www.atanet.org/tools-and-technology/six-remote-simultaneous-interpreting-platforms-and-zoom/)) -4
[TED Talks](https://www.ted.com/talks): TED Talks is a platform that offers a wide range of speeches and presentations
[5-Interpreter Education Online](https://www.interpretereducationonline.com/): This website provides online courses, workshops, and resources for interpreters. They also offer video recordings of interpreting assignments, which can be used for practice and self-assessment
[6-The Open University](https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/the-interpreter-at-work): The Open University offers a free online course called "The Interpreter at Work," which provides an introduction to interpreting and includes video recordings of interpreting assignments
[7-The Interpreter's Corner](https://theinterpreterscorner.com/): This website offers a variety of resources for interpreters, including video recordings of interpreting assignments, webinars, and online courses
[-The International Association of Conference Interpreters
(https://aiic.org/): The AIIC is a professional association for conference interpreters. They offer resources and training opportunities for interpreters, including video recordings of interpreting assignments
[6-The National Council on Interpreting in Health Care](https://www.ncihc.org/): The NCIHC is a professional association for healthcare interpreters. They offer resources and training opportunities for interpreters, including video recordings of interpreting assignments
[7-The American Translators Association](https://www.atanet.org/): The ATA is a professional association for translators and interpreters. They offer resources and training opportunities for interpreters, including video recordings of interpreting assignments.
[8-The European Society for Translation Studies](https://www.est-translationstudies.org/): The EST is a professional association for translation and interpreting studies. They offer resources and training opportunities for interpreters, including video recordings of interpreting assignments
[9-The International Association of Professional Translators and Interpreters](https://www.iapti.org/): The IAPTI is a professional association for translators and interpreters. They offer resources and training opportunities for interpreters, including video recordings of interpreting assignments
[10-The Critical Link](https://www.criticallink.org/): The Critical Link is a network of professionals in community interpreting. They offer resources and training opportunities for interpreters, including video recordings of interpreting assignments
links and websites for audios and videos for activities, assignments, feedback, and evaluation to improve interpreting skills and reduce speaking anxiety:
Interpreting Skills Resources:
- National Association of Judiciary Interpreters and Translators (NAJIT): They offer resources and webinars to improve interpreting skills. Visit their website at [NAJIT](https://najit.org/)
Speaking Anxiety Resources:
Anxiety and Depression Association of America (ADAA): ADAA provides tips and resources to manage speaking anxiety. Visit their website at [ADAA](https://adaa.org/)
- TED Talks: Watch inspiring talks on public speaking and overcoming anxiety on [TED Talks](https://www.ted.com/)
Online Learning Platforms:
-Coursera: Coursera offers courses on public speaking and communication skills. You can access their courses at [Coursera](https://www.coursera.org/)
- -Udemy: Udemy has courses on improving interpreting skills and reducing speaking anxiety. Explore their offerings at [Udemy](https://www.udemy.com/)
YouTube Channels:
-Speak Confident English: This channel offers tips and strategies to improve speaking confidence. Check it out [here](https://www.youtube.com/user/speakconfidentenglish)
-Interpreter Training Resources: This channel provides resources and videos for improving interpreting skills. Visit the channel [here](https://www.youtube.com/user/itrvids)
Language Learning Apps:
- -Duolingo: Duolingo offers language learning exercises that can help improve interpreting skills. Download the app [here](https://www.duolingo.com/)
- -Babbel: Babbel provides interactive lessons for language learning and communication skills. Explore their app at [Babbel](https://www.babbel.com
/) s: [nci.arizona.edu](https://nci.arizona.edu/resources/practical-audio-resources) (1) [theinterpretingcoach.com](https://www.theinterpretingcoach.com/3-useful-websites-for-boosting-interpreting-skills/) (2) [interprenet.net](https://interprenet.net/consecutive-interpretation) (3) [interpremed.com](https://interpremed.com/) (4)
:
For simultaneous interpreting, you can try theseLINKS
-http://interpreters.free.fr/simultaneous.htm - a site dedicated to conference interpreting with a large number of simultaneous and consecutive training tips and exercises
-http://www.orcit.eu/resources-shelf-en/story.html - an online library of conference interpreting resources
-http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speechbank.htm - a large repository of recorded speeches for simultaneous practice
-https://www.vsotd.com/ - Vital speeches of the day—resources for simultaneous practice
-http://learningenglish.voanews.com/p/5611.html - Voice of America news videos at three levels of difficulty and speed. Includes texts .
links and websites for PowerPoint presentations on interpretingskills and reducing speaking anxiety
Speaking Skills:
- https://www.slideshare.net/Umesh_Dhungana/public-speaking-skills-presentation
- https://www.canva.com/design/DAEOoVAihyI/share/preview?token=Kz3ScrRujGp6Ff4eWiZYyg&role=EDITOR&utm_content=DAEOoVAihyI&utm_campaign=designshare&utm_medium=link&utm_source=sharebutton
Listening Skills:
- https://www.slideshare.net/daliabitar/active-listening-skills-presentation
- https://www.canva.com/design/DAD7E1sSepM/share/preview?token=3Zz_XltPnRLIe4r0JXOJgQ&role=EDITOR&utm_content=DAD7E1sSepM&utm_campaign=designshare&utm_medium=link&utm_source=sharebutton
Linguistic Skills:
- https://www.slideshare.net/katieklar/linguistic-skills-presentation
- https://www.canva.com/design/DAD_h4gEcAA/share/preview?token=wBvYYKvR-M6TpcH-9h_GCQ&role=EDITOR&utm_content=DAD_h4gEcAA&utm_campaign=designshare&utm_medium=link&utm_source=sharebutton
Analytical Skills:
- https://www.slideshare.net/TORInducttrain/analytical-skills-presentation
- https://www.canva.com/design/DAD7E2GL3wk/share/preview?token=dmZPiIWN7R4l-XzRmgsR4A&role=EDITOR&utm_content=DAD7E2GL3wk&utm_campaign=designshare&utm_medium=link&utm_source=sharebutton
Reading Skills:
- https://www.slideshare.net/judithjhay/reading-skills-presentation
- https://www.canva.com/design/DAD7E3UOSMc/share/preview?token=w96FYVrLZ-0PH-e8r8xEXw&role=EDITOR&utm_content=DAD7E3UOSMc&utm_campaign=designshare&utm_medium=link&utm_source=sharebutton
Encoding, Decoding, and Recording Skills:
- https://www.slideshare.net/Grosbena/encoding-and-decoding-skills-presentation
- https://www.canva.com/design/DAD7E4r8k-Q/share/preview?token=7qQFyKh1HGlI5LYPftSAhw&role=EDITOR&utm_content=DAD7E4r8k-Q&utm_campaign=designshare&utm_medium=link&utm_source=sharebutton
Compensation, Reformulation, Inference, and Note-taking Skills:
- https://www.slideshare.net/vsamplematched/compensation-reformulation-inference-and-notetaking-skills-presentation
- https://www.canva.com/design/DAD7E5OQlVg/share/preview?token=ogKE6sKbJ1Xt3riZebXQpA&role=EDITOR&utm_content=DAD7E5OQlVg&utm_campaign=designshare&utm_medium=link&utm_source=sharebutton
Resources for Flashcards for improving interpreting skills and reducing speaking anxiety:
Speaking and Listening:
[Anki](https://apps.ankiweb.net/) - A flashcard app that allows you to create and study your own flashcards
[Quizlet](https://quizlet.com/) - A website and app that provides flashcards and study games for a variety of subjects
[Memrise](https://www.memrise.com/) - A language learning app that uses flashcards and spaced repetition to help you learn vocabulary and grammar
: Linguistic and Analytical Skills
[Glossika](https://ai.glossika.com/) - A language learning platform that uses flashcards and audio recordings to help you learn grammar and vocabulary in context
[LingQ](https://www.lingq.com/) - A language learning platform that uses flashcards and audio recordings to help you learn vocabulary and grammar in context
[Clozemaster](https://www.clozemaster.com/) - A language learning game that uses flashcards and cloze exercises to help you learn vocabulary and grammar
Reading and Encoding Skills :
[Readlang](https://readlang.com/) - A web-based platform that allows you to read texts in foreign languages and create flashcards from the words you don't know
[-Lingro](https://lingro.com/) - A web-based platform that allows you to read texts in foreign languages and create flashcards from the words you don't know
[Flashcards Deluxe](https://www.flashcardsdeluxe.com/) - A flashcard app that allows you to create and study your own flashcards, with features specifically designed for language learning
Decoding, Recording, and Compensation Skills:
[-Shadowing Technique](https://www.fluentu.com/blog/language-learning/shadowing-technique/) - A technique that involves listening to a recording and repeating what you hear, word for word, in order to improve your decoding and recording skills
[-Dictation Exercises](https://www.dictation.io/) - A website that provides dictation exercises in a variety of languages, to help you improve your decoding and recording skills
[-Language Transfer](https://www.languagetransfer.org/) - A language learning platform that uses a unique method to help you learn grammar and vocabulary, with a focus on decoding and compensation skills.
: Reformulation, Inference, and Note-taking Skills
[-Paraphrasing Exercises](https://www.usingenglish.com/articles/paraphrasing-exercises.html) - A website that provides exercises to help you practice paraphrasing, which can improve your reformulation skills
[-Inference Exercises](https://www.englishclub.com/reading/inference-exercises.htm) - A website that provides exercises to help you practice making inferences, which can improve your inference skills
[-Note-taking Techniques](https://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/note-taking.htm) - A website that provides information on various note-taking techniques, which can help you improve your note-taking skills
Links and Websites to improve Interpretation Skills:
Speaking and Listening Skills:
-Verbling (https://www.verbling.com/) - Online language learning platform with tutors for practicing conversation
-Tandem (https://www.tandem.net/) - Language exchange app for practicing conversation with native speakers
-Speechling (https://www.speechling.com/) - Provides feedback on pronunciation and speaking skills
Linguistic and Analytical Skills:
-Lingvist (https://lingvist.com/) - Adaptive language learning platform that focuses on vocabulary and grammar
-Duolingo (https://www.duolingo.com/) - Fun and interactive language learning app with exercises for various skills
-Memrise (https://www.memrise.com/) - Helps with memorization and language learning through flashcards and games
Reading and Comprehension Skills:
- -Readlang (https://readlang.com/) - Allows you to read articles and books with integrated dictionary and translation tools
- -News in Slow (https://newsinslowenglish.com/) - Provides news articles at different difficulty levels for reading practice
- -LingQ (https://www.lingq.com/) - Helps you learn languages by reading and listening to content of your choice
Encoding, Decoding, and Note-taking Skills:
- -Anki (https://apps.ankiweb.net/) - Powerful flashcard-based memorization tool for learning and retaining information
- -Notion (https://www.notion.so/) - Versatile note-taking and organization platform with various features
- Microsoft OneNote (https://www.onenote.com/) - Digital note-taking tool with features for organizing and sharing notes
Compensation, Reformulation, and Inference Skills:
- Linguee (https://www.linguee.com/) - Bilingual dictionary and translation tool that provides context-based examples
- DeepL (https://www.deepl.com/) - AI-powered translation tool that often outperforms traditional machine translation
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